NEW YORK (Reuters Health) ? Nearly 4,600 U.S. children were hospitalized with broken bones, traumatic brain injury and other serious damage caused by physical abuse in 2006, according to a new report.
Babies younger than one were the most common victims, with 58 cases per 100,000 infants. That makes serious abuse a bigger threat to infant safety than SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome, researchers say in the report.
"There is a national campaign to prevent SIDS," said Dr. John Leventhal of Yale University, who led the new study. "We need a national campaign related to child abuse where every parent is reminded that kids can get injured."
The new study, published Monday in the journal Pediatrics, is the first broad U.S. estimate of serious injuries due to child abuse.
Based on data from the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database, the last such numbers available, Leventhal's team found that six out of every 100,000 children under 18 were hospitalized with injuries ranging from burns to wounds to brain injuries and bone fractures.
The children spent an average of one week in the hospital; 300 of them died.
The rate of abuse was highest among children under one, particularly if they were covered by Medicaid, the government's health insurance for the poor. One out of every 752 of those infants landed in the hospital due to maltreatment.
"Medicaid is just a marker of poverty, and poverty leads to stress," said Leventhal, who is the medical director of the Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital Child Abuse Program.
Last year, a study from four U.S. states showed a clear spike in abusive brain injuries following the financial crash in late 2007, a finding researchers chalked up to the added pressure on parents.
In that study, too, toddlers appeared to be at higher risk. That led researchers to suggest the maltreatment might have been triggered by crying.
If a caretaker shakes a baby violently to make him or her stop crying, they can cause "shaken baby syndrome," in which the brain bumps up against the skull and starts bleeding.
Leventhal said babies may also be more vulnerable that older kids.
"The most serious injuries tend to be in the younger kids," he told Reuters Health.
The researchers estimate that the hospitalizations cost about $73.8 million in 2006, although that's only a fraction of the overall cost of abuse to society.
"This is a serious problem that affects young children," said Leventhal, whose team is now examining more recent data to refine the findings. "We need to figure out a way to help parents do better."
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/cxXOG Pediatrics, online February 6, 2012.
Soccer star David Beckham has been known to receive a red card from a soccer referee every once in awhile but I would assume that Beckham would be safe attending a children?s soccer match.
However, that isn?t the case as Beckham was recently shown the door at a kids soccer match in Los Angeles.
David gave out all the details in an upcoming episode of ITV?s ?The Johnathan Ross Show? about being ejected by a youth soccer referee:
?I was watching the kids play the other day, it was the younger kids of Romeo?s club, and there was a penalty given,? he said on the talk show. ?And the kids are seven years old and he sent the kid off. And I was like, ?Come on, he?s seven, referee, you can?t send him off.??
Beckham said his protest backfired, adding, ?He looked at me and was like, ?Yes, I can.? And he came over and gave me a red card. He told me to get out of the park. For real. The gate was only 20 yards away and I waited and went back in when my son?s game was on.?
***
David Beckham Red-Carded At Kids Soccer Match [Fox Sports]
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Countless plenty of fix solutions along with recover file solutions are expected as a result of the short expanding technological innovation business. folks feel their computers to try and do varied items, just like work along with scientific studies. an extra-large variety of those who are employing personal computers can easily tend to use it a lot of that it may typically lead to deterioration. Most of the time, people do not apprehend a great deal of with regards to restoring his or her pcs, that is why you will find experts around the ball whom surprise their own providers.
Pc repair companies enjoy a very massive role inside our expanding modern society in terms of technology. while not their services, pcs couldn?t survive mounted. one amongst his or her principal aims is to amend your current pc?s problem no matter the drawback is. Dependable providers are once and for all the simplest. in this fashion, you?ll promise the computer?s basic safety of their hands.
Urban Rec Okanagan? is the valley?s newest Sports and Recreation company.? With a focus on fun, social and recreational coed sports Urban Rec Kelowna is your home to being active and meeting new people while keeping physically fit.
Offering year-round coed sports leagues in Volleyball, Soccer, Basketball, Floor Hockey, Dodgeball, Beach Volleyball and of course All Sport.
Co-founded by Jamie Taverner, Urban Rec Okanagan aspires to be the sport and social club for active adults all over the Okanagan Valley.? Whether you are looking for a venue or a reason to get together with your friends, just looking to play some sports or maybe meet some great new people in your community you should check out Urban Rec Okanagan for coed recreational sports leagues, parties and social events.
Urban Rec embraces ? ?Real People, Real Sports, Real Fun? as the core experience we deliver to our members.? People first and taking having fun very seriously!? Visit our website for more information ?www.urbanrec/kelowna
MORELIA, Mexico ? A Mexican military official says thousands of additional troops are being sent to the violence-stricken western state of Michoacan.
The official tells The Associated Press that some 4,000 soldiers have begun arriving in the state capital to prepare for an offensive in a mountainous western section of the state known as Tierra-Caliente. The area has been hit by a surge in violence in recent weeks.
The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to release the information. A military spokesman declined to comment.
Authorities in Michoacan are battling quasi-religious drug cartels called La Familia and the Knights Templar that claim to be following divine will.
Brandi Glanvilleisn't shy about her feelings that the adage "once a cheater always a cheater" applies to her ex-husband Eddie Cibrian. The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills star has gone on record warning LeAnn Rimes, who had an affair with Cibrian before the two got divorces and married each other, should know he could do it to her too.
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elderly care,home care
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It is obvious that the Elderly Care is the excellent and unsurpassed option to care for the seniors. Everyone wants to keep their seniors always protected, happy and secure, but due to lack of time and busy schedule they are not able to do that. Elder care is like a care of a little child. They are not able to do the certain activities of their daily schedule. Dementia is a common disease that occurs in the people with the age and elders mostly suffer from this problem. So they require regular medical check-up and care. Aged people become weak and prone to fall at their old age. In such situation, you need to know the safety tips and instructions and to pursue them to frustrate mishaps and accidents.
The care of the aged is difficult for family members and due to such reason; most of the families go with the hiring of someone to care for their relatives. The most effective and inexpensive choice to care for your seniors or aged relatives and you can get services for your elderly parents or relatives without moving them from their usual place. You should make the accurate adjustment for your loved ones, if you want that their remaining days will spend well and fine.
If, you provide home care for your loved ones, especially when you are too far away, it can be something to respect what you have. The massive benefit in this is having your own loved ones taken care of your own home or in their home environment. There are several agencies and service organizations which help you in providing the best care and required services for your loved ones. They will provide guarantee for their work and trust. These provide basic need such as vigorous and healthy meals, medical services, washing, dressing the oldest and make sure that the work, cleaning, to be visited in their homes. In these organizations, the care provider is also there to provide personal care like staying with the elderly when the family is out the house; break care; financial management assisting on bill payments and medical services, etc. Home care occupies more than just checking on an older person. These bring a sense of security to our seniors that they are being taken care of in a known environment. They feel there like they are at their home. The care providers love them like a family member.
Author name is Ramandeep Kaur. She loves to share her views. Now she is sharing information on Elderly Care.
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Raman Maan
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An online information systems school teaches university students for positions in systems analysis, computer programming, and tech support. Distance schooling institution training programs impart the high level technological knowledge that Information systems industry experts need to facilitate computer-related duties in organization.
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Online management information systems schools allow college students to learn at their own tempo, with no need of leaving current employment. Students can receive Associate, Bachelor, and Master of Science certifications in Computer Information Systems. Several online distance education universities provide certifications for information systems studies that emphasize office information technology.
An online learning in Computer Information Systems prepares the college student for a career as a computer systems analyst, computer programmer, or support professional. A distance education certification imparts the hi-tech technical knowledge that future Computer Information Systems workers need to facilitate the computer-related functions of an organization.
The income potential for Computer Information Systems professionals is infinite. Depending on education and experience, Computer Information Systems workers could possibly expect annual salaries between $55,000 to $112,000 or more.
A program in computer information systems (IS) will start out with the fundamentals of how computers process information. The program will be concentrated on education how to manage network systems, and how to recognize computer languages and several software program applications. Computer information systems universities will also instruct you how to design and employ computer programming, and how the operating systems and computer networking systems work. You?ll be able to obtain professional certification in computer information systems within months, or perhaps you?d like to continue your computer schooling to advanced level.
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Singapore scientists lead in 3D mapping of human genome to help understand human diseasesPublic release date: 1-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Winnie Lim (Ms) limcp2@gis.a-star.edu.sg 65-680-88013 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Genome Institute of Singapore's (GIS) Associate Director of Genomic Technologies, Dr Yijun RUAN, led a continuing study on the human genome spatial/structural configuration, revealing how genes interact/communicate and influence each other, even when they are located far away from each other. This discovery is crucial in understanding how human genes work together, and will re-write textbooks on how transcription regulation and coordination takes place in human cells.
The discovery was published in Cell, on 19 January 2012. The GIS is a research institute under the umbrella of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).
Using a genomic technology invented by Dr Ruan and his team, called ChIA-PET, the Singapore-led international group, which is part of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) consortium, uncovered some of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the gene expression in human cells.
"Scientists have always tried to understand how the large number of genes in an organism is regulated and coordinated to carry out the genetic programs encoded in the genome for cellular functions in our cells. It had been viewed that genes in higher organisms were individually expressed, while multiple related genes in low organisms like bacteria were arranged linearly together as operon [1] and transcribed in single unit," Dr Ruan explained. "The new findings in this study revealed that although genes in human genomes are located far away from each other, related genes are in fact organised through long-range chromatin interactions and higher-order chromosomal conformations. This suggests a topological basis akin to the bacteria operon system for coordinated transcription regulation. This topological mechanism for transcription regulation and coordination also provides insights to understand genetic elements that are involved in human diseases."
GIS' executive director Prof Huck Hui NG said: "This is an important study that sheds light on the complex regulation of gene expression. Yijun's team continues to use the novel method of Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End-Tag sequencing to probe the higher order interactions of chromatin to discover new regulatory interactions between genes."
"This publication describes ground-breaking work by Dr Yijun Ruan and his team at Genome Institute o Singapore," added Dr Edward Rubin, Director of the Joint Genome Institute in US. "They address the fundamental question of how communication occurs between genes and their on and off switches in the human genome. Using a long range DNA mapping technology called ChIA-PET, the study reveals in three dimensional space that genes separated linearly by enormous distances in the human genome can come to lie next to each other in the cell when it is time for them to become active. I expect this study to move rapidly from primary scientific literature to textbooks describing for future students the operating principles of the human genome. The ChIA-PET technology, that is the telescope used in this exploration of the human genome, is an innovative and powerful molecular technology invented by Dr Ruan and his collaborators."
The ENCODE is an ongoing project which was awarded to Dr Ruan's team by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), an institute belonging to the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA). The project was set up in 2003 with the aim of discovering all functional elements in the human genome to gain a deeper understanding of human biology and develop new strategies for preventing and treating diseases. So far Dr Ruan's team has received over US$2 million towards this project.
###
Notes to the Editor:
Research publication:
The research findings described in the press release can be found in the 19 January 2011 advanced online issue of Cell under the title "Extensive Promoter-Centered Chromatin Interactions Provide a Topological Basis for Transcription Regulation".
Authors:
Guoliang Li,1,10 Xiaoan Ruan,1,10 Raymond K. Auerbach,2,10 Kuljeet Singh Sandhu,1,10 Meizhen Zheng,1 Ping Wang,1 Huay Mei Poh,1 Yufen Goh,1 Joanne Lim,1 Jingyao Zhang,1 Hui Shan Sim,1 Su Qin Peh,1 Fabianus Hendriyan Mulawadi,1 Chin Thing Ong,1 Yuriy L. Orlov,1 Shuzhen Hong,1 Zhizhuo Zhang,3 Steve Landt,4 Debasish Raha,4 Ghia Euskirchen,4 Chia-Lin Wei,1 Weihong Ge,5 Huaien Wang,6 Carrie Davis,6 Katherine Fisher,7 Ali Mortazavi,7 Mark Gerstein,2 Thomas Gingeras,6 Barbara Wold,7 Yi Sun,5 Melissa J. Fullwood,1 Edwin Cheung,1,8 Edison Liu,1 Wing-Kin Sung,1,3
Michael Snyder,4,* and Yijun Ruan1,9,*
1. Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore
2. Program in Computational Biology and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
3. Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 117417, Singapore
4. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
5. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
6. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11797, USA
7. Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
8. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
9. College of Life Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
10. These authors contributed equally to this work
Winnie Lim (Ms)
Genome Institute of Singapore
Office of Corporate Communications
Tel: 65-6808-8013
Email: limcp2@gis.a-star.edu.sg
About the Genome Institute of Singapore
The Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) is an institute of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). It has a global vision that seeks to use genomic sciences to improve public health and public prosperity. Established in 2001 as a centre for genomic discovery, the GIS will pursue the integration of technology, genetics and biology towards the goal of individualized medicine.
The key research areas at the GIS include Systems Biology, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, Human Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Genomic Technologies, and Computational & Mathematical Biology. The genomics infrastructure at the GIS is utilized to train new scientific talent, to function as a bridge for academic and industrial research, and to explore scientific questions of high impact. http://www.gis.a-star.edu.sg
About the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is the lead agency for fostering world-class scientific research and talent for a vibrant knowledge-based and innovation-driven Singapore. A*STAR oversees 14 biomedical sciences and physical sciences and engineering research institutes, and six consortia & centres, located in Biopolis and Fusionopolis as well as their immediate vicinity.
A*STAR supports Singapore's key economic clusters by providing intellectual, human and industrial capital to its partners in industry. It also supports extramural research in the universities, and with other local and international partners. http://www.a-star.edu.sg
[1] In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single regulatory signal or promoter.
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Singapore scientists lead in 3D mapping of human genome to help understand human diseasesPublic release date: 1-Feb-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Winnie Lim (Ms) limcp2@gis.a-star.edu.sg 65-680-88013 Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Genome Institute of Singapore's (GIS) Associate Director of Genomic Technologies, Dr Yijun RUAN, led a continuing study on the human genome spatial/structural configuration, revealing how genes interact/communicate and influence each other, even when they are located far away from each other. This discovery is crucial in understanding how human genes work together, and will re-write textbooks on how transcription regulation and coordination takes place in human cells.
The discovery was published in Cell, on 19 January 2012. The GIS is a research institute under the umbrella of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).
Using a genomic technology invented by Dr Ruan and his team, called ChIA-PET, the Singapore-led international group, which is part of the ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) consortium, uncovered some of the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the gene expression in human cells.
"Scientists have always tried to understand how the large number of genes in an organism is regulated and coordinated to carry out the genetic programs encoded in the genome for cellular functions in our cells. It had been viewed that genes in higher organisms were individually expressed, while multiple related genes in low organisms like bacteria were arranged linearly together as operon [1] and transcribed in single unit," Dr Ruan explained. "The new findings in this study revealed that although genes in human genomes are located far away from each other, related genes are in fact organised through long-range chromatin interactions and higher-order chromosomal conformations. This suggests a topological basis akin to the bacteria operon system for coordinated transcription regulation. This topological mechanism for transcription regulation and coordination also provides insights to understand genetic elements that are involved in human diseases."
GIS' executive director Prof Huck Hui NG said: "This is an important study that sheds light on the complex regulation of gene expression. Yijun's team continues to use the novel method of Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End-Tag sequencing to probe the higher order interactions of chromatin to discover new regulatory interactions between genes."
"This publication describes ground-breaking work by Dr Yijun Ruan and his team at Genome Institute o Singapore," added Dr Edward Rubin, Director of the Joint Genome Institute in US. "They address the fundamental question of how communication occurs between genes and their on and off switches in the human genome. Using a long range DNA mapping technology called ChIA-PET, the study reveals in three dimensional space that genes separated linearly by enormous distances in the human genome can come to lie next to each other in the cell when it is time for them to become active. I expect this study to move rapidly from primary scientific literature to textbooks describing for future students the operating principles of the human genome. The ChIA-PET technology, that is the telescope used in this exploration of the human genome, is an innovative and powerful molecular technology invented by Dr Ruan and his collaborators."
The ENCODE is an ongoing project which was awarded to Dr Ruan's team by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), an institute belonging to the National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA). The project was set up in 2003 with the aim of discovering all functional elements in the human genome to gain a deeper understanding of human biology and develop new strategies for preventing and treating diseases. So far Dr Ruan's team has received over US$2 million towards this project.
###
Notes to the Editor:
Research publication:
The research findings described in the press release can be found in the 19 January 2011 advanced online issue of Cell under the title "Extensive Promoter-Centered Chromatin Interactions Provide a Topological Basis for Transcription Regulation".
Authors:
Guoliang Li,1,10 Xiaoan Ruan,1,10 Raymond K. Auerbach,2,10 Kuljeet Singh Sandhu,1,10 Meizhen Zheng,1 Ping Wang,1 Huay Mei Poh,1 Yufen Goh,1 Joanne Lim,1 Jingyao Zhang,1 Hui Shan Sim,1 Su Qin Peh,1 Fabianus Hendriyan Mulawadi,1 Chin Thing Ong,1 Yuriy L. Orlov,1 Shuzhen Hong,1 Zhizhuo Zhang,3 Steve Landt,4 Debasish Raha,4 Ghia Euskirchen,4 Chia-Lin Wei,1 Weihong Ge,5 Huaien Wang,6 Carrie Davis,6 Katherine Fisher,7 Ali Mortazavi,7 Mark Gerstein,2 Thomas Gingeras,6 Barbara Wold,7 Yi Sun,5 Melissa J. Fullwood,1 Edwin Cheung,1,8 Edison Liu,1 Wing-Kin Sung,1,3
Michael Snyder,4,* and Yijun Ruan1,9,*
1. Genome Institute of Singapore, 138672, Singapore
2. Program in Computational Biology and Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
3. Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, National University of Singapore, 117417, Singapore
4. Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
5. Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
6. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11797, USA
7. Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
8. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
9. College of Life Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
10. These authors contributed equally to this work
Winnie Lim (Ms)
Genome Institute of Singapore
Office of Corporate Communications
Tel: 65-6808-8013
Email: limcp2@gis.a-star.edu.sg
About the Genome Institute of Singapore
The Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) is an institute of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). It has a global vision that seeks to use genomic sciences to improve public health and public prosperity. Established in 2001 as a centre for genomic discovery, the GIS will pursue the integration of technology, genetics and biology towards the goal of individualized medicine.
The key research areas at the GIS include Systems Biology, Stem Cell & Developmental Biology, Cancer Biology & Pharmacology, Human Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Genomic Technologies, and Computational & Mathematical Biology. The genomics infrastructure at the GIS is utilized to train new scientific talent, to function as a bridge for academic and industrial research, and to explore scientific questions of high impact. http://www.gis.a-star.edu.sg
About the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
The Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is the lead agency for fostering world-class scientific research and talent for a vibrant knowledge-based and innovation-driven Singapore. A*STAR oversees 14 biomedical sciences and physical sciences and engineering research institutes, and six consortia & centres, located in Biopolis and Fusionopolis as well as their immediate vicinity.
A*STAR supports Singapore's key economic clusters by providing intellectual, human and industrial capital to its partners in industry. It also supports extramural research in the universities, and with other local and international partners. http://www.a-star.edu.sg
[1] In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single regulatory signal or promoter.
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? Get ready to find out who the millionaires are behind this year's presidential election.
Shadowy outside groups funded by anonymous donors and working on behalf of candidates they support have pummeled Mitt Romney, Newt Gingrich and others for the past two months by spending millions of dollars on mostly negative TV ads that have had an enormous impact on the fight for the Republican presidential nomination.
Now, for the first time since they started shaping this campaign in earnest, many of those "super" political action committees are set to disclose just who is financing their pseudo-campaign operations. Many took advantage of a change in federal rules that essentially let them shield their donors' identities until after key primary elections in January. But they still must submit their financial reports to the Federal Election Commission by Tuesday.
Only a handful of donors are known, including Las Vegas billionaire casino owner Sheldon Adelson. His two checks for $5 million apiece to Winning Our Future, a pro-Gingrich group, essentially kept the former House speaker's White House campaign afloat at critical junctures just before the South Carolina and Florida primaries.
Bain Capital executives and Romney friends have lined the bank accounts of the pro-Romney group Restore Our Future. Former Bain executive Edward Conrad donated $1 million last spring and Marriott International Inc. CEO J.W. Marriott Jr. gave the group $500,000, seed money spent to successfully hammer Gingrich in Iowa late last year as he started to rise.
That's when the super PACs sprang into action in full force.
Since then, groups working on behalf of Republican candidates for president have spent roughly $25 million in TV ads, most of which have been negative, in the first four states to vote in the GOP nomination battle ? Iowa, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Florida.
Of that, the pro-Romney Restore Our Future has spent about $14 million on ads, mostly to take down Gingrich in Iowa and Florida. That's more than the roughly $12 million Romney himself has spent on TV ads.
The super PACs have also unleashed millions on expenses typically reserved for campaigns, including direct mailings, phone calls and get-out-the-vote efforts.
It's a precursor to the general election, when super PACs aligned with both Republicans and President Barack Obama are planning to dole out even larger sums.
These groups are the products of a 2010 Supreme Court ruling that stripped away old restrictions on corporate and union spending in federal elections. They can't directly coordinate with the candidates they support, but many are staffed with former campaign workers who have an intimate knowledge of their favored candidate's strategy.
Some donors will never be known because some super PACs have established not-for-profit arms that can shield contributors' identities. Those arms can spend more than roughly half of their money on so-called advocacy, although campaign-finance reformers have urged the Internal Revenue Service to reduce that share.
Super PACs like American Crossroads ? backed by George W. Bush political adviser Karl Rove ? and its own nonprofit arm played a significant role in the 2010 midterm elections, helping deliver the House to the GOP and boost the number of Republicans in the Senate.
Tuesday's filings to the FEC won't just reveal many of the committees' financial backers; they'll also show how their money is being spent, particularly on infrastructure, payroll and travel. The same will be true in the campaign financial filings for President Barack Obama, Romney, Gingrich and others, who last released their finances in October 2011.
But, above all, the FEC filings are likely to show the awesome impact super PACs have in supplementing expansive, national campaigns.
Super PACs have become headaches for campaign-finance watchdogs, who have long warned of a potentially corruptive influence that hasn't been seen since the days of Watergate.
But some GOP-leaning groups say their ads contribute to a marketplace of ideas and counterbalance the huge sums of cash that Obama and the Democratic National Committee plan to spend on the president's re-election bid.
By law, presidential campaigns can raise, at most, $5,000 total from an individual donor.
But super PACs can solicit and spend unlimited money ? and some employ affiliated groups, known as 501(c)4 organizations, whose donors are allowed to remain anonymous. Watchdog groups like Democracy 21 have complained to federal regulators on that front, asking the IRS to limit how much those nonprofit groups can spend on political advocacy.
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Follow Jack Gillum at http://twitter.com/jackgillum
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Public release date: 1-Feb-2012
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